Apparatus for fractional distillation



(No Model.)

E. F. DIE-TERIOHS.

APPARATUS FOR FRAGTIONAL DISTILLATION.

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' MOM/0% PM chamber, the said pipe constituting the still 4 so that it can be regulated and controlledas UNITED STATES ERNEST F. D] ETER-IGHS,

PATENT (Darren.-

OF CLEVELAND, OHIO.

APPARATUS FOR FRACTlONAL DlSTl LLATION.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 253,990, dated February 21, 1882. Application filed September 28, 1881. (No model.)

To all whom it mag concern:

Be it known that I, ERNEST FRANZ DIETER- IOHS, of Cleveland, in the county of Ouyahoga, and in the State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Fractional Distillation and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and ex act description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, making a part of this specification.

This invention relates to certain improve ments in apparatus for distilling and condens in g substances, and it is specially designed for distilling and condensing petroleum, its object being to prevent the formation of tar or heavy residuum by overheating, and to separate the oilundergoin g the operation intovarious grades of different density or specific gravity, as more fully hereinafter specified. These objects I attain by the apparatus illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 represents a sectional view of my improved apparatus Fig. 2, .a similar view of a modification thereof, and Fig. 3 a detailed enlarged View of the device for supplying the oil to the still. Fig. 4 is a vertical transverse sectional View of the injector.

The letter A indicates a furnace of any suitable description, and B a closed retort or cylindrical chamber located in the upper part of said furnace.

The letter 1) indicates a steampipe leading from a suitable generator into the retort or chamber, and c a pipe leading out of said retort or chamber at its forward end. The said pipe is bent backward, and connects with a coiled pipe, 0, extending through the retort or proper.

The letter 01 indicates a thermometer extendin g into the retort to indicate the temperature,

required.

The oil-supply pipe (indicated by the letter 6) extends from a suitable reservoir into the pipe 0 at its upper horizontal portion, and both of said pipes e and c are provided with suitable cocks, g h, for regulating the flow of oil and steam, respectively, into, the still.

The oil is injected into the still by means of the entering currentof steam, the injector-tubes Hr, Fig. 3, being employed for the purpose.

These tubes are secured in the oil and steam of oil and carry or force it into the still. .The

steam tl us injected into thestill from the retort heals the oil, and the mixed oil and steam are further heated by the body of steam in the retort surrounding the still or coil, which steam may be superheated to any required extent. The oil is thus vaporized, and, with the steam, is carried to the primary condenser D, where the heaviest portions are condensed, and pass off throughthe trap m. From thence the vapors pass successively through the condensers E, any number of which maybe employed, as circumstances may require. These condensers are tubular in form, step-like, and gradually increase in diameter successively. They are inclined downwardly in the tanks F, andeach is provided with a trap, m,for the escape of the condensed products, the heaviest of which will condense in the first condenser of the series and the lighter in thesuccessivefollowingcondensers, according to the density or specific into the different grades required.

The letter G indicates a pipe extending from p the last of the series of condensers through a chamber or tank, H, which contains cooling or refrigerating material, and from this pipe extends a bent pipe, I, terminating in the open air. In these pipes the most volatile of the condensable vapors are condensed,while the incondensable vapors and gases pass ofl through the pipe I.

In order to keep the condensers properly cooled, over each is located a perforated pipe, L, Fig. 2, by means of which water may be showered upon said condensers.

In the modification shown in 2 of the drawings the still and condensing apparatus are substantially the same as above described, except that the primary condenser is omitted, and in its place one or more furnaces, M, and stills are employed. These stills are located in a retort or retorts, N, and the furnace, retort, and still in their general arrangement may be similar to the arrangement of the primary fur- ICC nace or still. In the present instance the secondary still is represented as a straight pipe connected with the primary still and the condensers and passing centrally through the retort.

The letter 1* indicates the induction steampipe leading to the secondary retort, and s the eduction-pipe leading to the secondary still. Dhe secondary distilling apparatus is intended to be employed, in connection with the primary distilling'apparatus, for distilling the heavy hydrocarbons, which are operated upon in the secondary still.

The simple operation ofdistillation as eflected by the primary still and the condensers will be readily understood without further description. When it is intended to run products of such gravity and character that a slow condensation becomes necessary I run the oil coming from the primary still through the secondary still, or through any number of similar stills, each heated to different temperatures, so that the temperature is keptat, say, 600 in the stillproper, that of the next at, say, 500, the next at 400 and so 011, gradually decreasing, the last one finally leading to the condensers.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In an apparatus for distilling oil and other substances, the combination of aretort located in a suitable furnace and a distilling-coil located in said retort with the steam-supply and eduction pipes leading to and from the retort, the said pipes being connected with the retort and a suitable oil-supply pipe, and provided with an injector for forcing the oil into the distilling coil, substantially as specified.

2. In combination with the still or stills, the condensers consisting of a series of tubes arranged in step-like form in a series of suitable vessels, the said tubes increasing in diameter successively, and beingprovided with suitable traps, substantially as specified.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature, 5

in presence of two witnesses, this 1st day of September, 1881.

ERNEST FRANZ DIETERICHS.

Witnesses:

CONRAD L. Horzn, Gno. D. WALKER. 

